English Contraction – Definition, types of English Contraction, list of English Contraction, Examples
What is English Contraction ?
English Contraction is a short form of a word or words, used in English Language . It is framed by dropping one or more letters of a word or words and using Apostrophe ( ‘ ) in the word or words in the place of dropped letter.
KINDS OF ENGLISH CONTRACTION-
In English language, the Contraction is especially formed by adding Helping Verb with Subject, and Helping Verb with Not and some Wh-words,
- By adding Subject with Helping Verbs / Auxiliary Verbs – ( SUBJECT + HELPING VERBS / AUXILIARY VERB )
- By adding Helping Verb with Not – ( HELPING VERB / AUXILIARY VERB + NOT )
- By adding Wh- words with Helping Verbs / Auxiliary Verbs ( WH-WORDS + HELPING VERBS / AUXILIARY VERBS )
There are three methods to form Contraction in English Grammar for using in English language –
Positive Contractions –
Positive contraction is generally formed by joining a subject and a helping verb / auxiliary verb, Auxiliary Verb / Helping Verb + Auxiliary Verb / Helping Verb..etc. and it does not have any negative word in its formation.
Positive Contraction = Subject + Auxiliary Verb / Helping Verb
These are positive contraction –
| FULL FORM | CONTRACTION |
| I will , I shall | I’ll ( आइल ) |
| I am | I’m (आइम) |
| I would, I had | I’d ( आइड) |
| You are | You’re ( यूआ ) |
| You will | You’ll ( यूल ) |
| You had, You would | You’d ( यूड ) |
| You have | You’ve ( यूव ) |
| We had, We would | We’d ( विड/वीड ) |
| We will, We shall | We’ll ( विल/वील ) |
| We are | We’re ( विआ/वीआ ) |
| We have | We’ve ( विव/वीव) |
| He Has, He is | He’s ( हीज ) |
| He will | He’ll ( हील ) |
| He had, He would | He’d ( हीड ) |
| She will | She’ll ( शील ) |
| She is, She Has | She’s ( शीज ) |
| She had,She would | She’d ( शीड ) |
| They are | They’re ( देअ ) |
| They have | They’ve ( देइव ) |
| They had, They would | They’d ( देइड ) |
| They will | They’ll ( देइल ) |
| It has, It is | It’s ( इटस ) |
| It will | It’ll ( इटल ) |
| It had | It’d ( इटड ) |
| That is,That has | That’s ( दैट्स ) |
| Could have | Could’ve ( कुडैव ) |
| Should have | Would’ve ( वुडैव ) |
Negative Contraction –
Negative contraction is generally formed by joining helping verb / auxiliary verb and it has negative word like ” not ”.
Negative Contraction = Auxiliary Verb / Helping Verb + Not
These are negative contractions –
| FULL FORM | NEGATIVE CONTRACTION |
| Does not | Doesn’t ( ड्जन्ट ) |
| Do not | Don’t ( डोन्ट ) |
| Did not | Didn’t ( डि्ड्न्ट ) |
| Is not | Isn’t ( इजन्ट) |
| Are not | Aren’t ( आन्ट ) |
| Is not ,Am not, Are not ,has not, have not (Humorous | Ain’t ( अइन्ट ) |
| Was not | Wasn’t ( वाज़न्ट ) |
| Were not | Weren’t ( वेअन्ट ) |
| Has not | Hasn’t ( हैजन्ट ) |
| Have not | Haven’t ( हैवन्ट) |
| Had not | Hadn’t ( हैड्न्ट ) |
| Will not | Won’t ( वॉन्ट ) |
| Would not | Wouldn’t ( वुड्न्ट ) |
| Shall not | Shan’t ( शान्ट) |
| Should not | Shouldn’t ( शुड्न्ट ) |
| Can not | Can’t ( कान्ट) |
| Could not | Couldn’t ( कुड्न्ट ) |
| May not | Mayn’t ( मेअन्ट ) |
| Might not | Mightn’t ( माइट्न्ट) |
| Ought not | Oughtn’t ( आट्न्ट ) |
| Used not | Usedn’t ( युसन्ट ) |
| Dare not | Daren’t ( डेअन्ट) |
| Must not | Mustn’t (मसन्ट) |
| Need not | Needn’t ( निड्न्ट ) |
Interrogative Contraction –
Interrogative contraction is generally formed by joining Interrogative words / Wh-words and helping verb/ auxiliary verbs. These are usually used in interrogative sentences at the beginning of sentences.
Interrogative Contraction = Wh-words + Auxiliary Verb
These are Interrogative Contractions –
| FULL FORM | INTERROGATIVE CONTRACTION |
| Who is , Who has | Who’s ( वुज ) |
| Who Would, Who had | Who’d ( वुड ) |
| Who will | Who’ll ( वूल ) |
| Who are | Who’re ( वुआ ) |
| Who have | Who’ve ( वुव ) |
| What is , What has | What’s ( वॉट ) |
| How has, How is | How’s ( हाउज ) |
| How will | How’ll ( हाउल ) |
| When is, When has | When’s ( वेन्ज ) |
| Where is , Where has | Where’s ( वेअज ) |
| Where will | Where’ll ( वेअल ) |
Some Other Contractions –
| FULL FORM | CONTRACTIONS |
| There is, There has , There was | There’s ( देयज ) |
| Here is | Here’s ( हियज ) |
| All is | All’s ( आल्ज ) |
| Let us | Let’s ( लेट्स ) |
Note –
Contractions must read jointly with the negative worlds or wh-words, not separately.
Nicely done !